Understanding Threats Against Afro-descendant Women Human Rights Defenders: Re-envisioning Security J.M. Kirby & René Urueña[1]* Abstract Colombia has the highest rate of assassinations of human rights defenders in Latin America, and women defending Afro-descendant and Indigenous territories are particularly at risk. Threatened Afro-descendant women defenders observe that the wave of violence against them, including femicide…

Prosecuting International Environmental Crime Committed Against Indigenous Peoples in Brazil Lily Grisafi[1]* ABSTRACT This Article investigates current international environmental crimes perpetrated against the indigenous peoples of the Brazilian Amazon and details how and why these crimes must be investigated and prosecuted at the International Criminal Court (ICC). First, this Article illustrates the severity of the…

Law, Development and Access to Education: a Brazilian Case Study of Class Actions Helena C. Refosco[1]* Table of Contents Introduction 3 I. Right to Education According to the Brazilian Courts 6 II. Institutional Design of the Brazilian Class Action: Improvements and Setbacks 14 III. Collective Versus Individual Litigation of Early-Childhood Education Rights 21 Concluding Remarks…